At birth a baby’s brain is not fully developed. There are many cells, but they do not provide function or interactions. As the baby interacts with adults and is stimulated, pathways, or synapses, are formed between these brain cells. Eventually, when the baby is about three years old, his brain should be much more formed. Research has shown that 80% of the synapses in the brain are complete by the age of three.

The brain is particularly absorbent during the first three years of life. The number of brain connections that are made depends on the variety and richness of learning experiences a child is exposed to. Brain cell connections strengthen through consistent sensory stimulation from the environment and lay the foundation for future student achievement and academic success.

Links to Research on Brain Development

Guiding Facts for Early Learning

The time between infancy and the toddler years is one of rapid GROWTH and change. Each child is unique and develops at a different rate. Listed below are some of the ACTIVITIES most children do sometime during the age range. This is a quick guide to help you look at your child’s development. It is not a complete development test. Regular SCREENING by your doctor or clinic is important.

Birth to 3 months

• Startles or cries at sudden noises
• WATCHES your face
• Follows objects at close range by turning head

3 Months to 6 Months

• Holds head upright without support
• Plays with feet when on back
• Rolls from stomach to back and back to stomach

6 Months to 12 Months

• Copies speech sounds
• Imitates waving bye-bye
• Sits without help while playing

12 Months to 18 Months

• Walks alone
• Says two or three words
• Puts objects in a container and dumps them out

18 Months to 2 years

• Interested in books
• Walks up and down stairs holding your hand
• Puts two words together (“More juice”)